Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMO/SD) and its clinical variants have at their core the loss of immune tolerance to aquaporin-4 and perhaps other autoantigens. The characteristic phenotype is disruption of astrocyte function and demyelination of spinal cord, optic nerves, and particular brain regions. In this second of a 2-part article, we present further perspectives regarding the pathogenesis of NMO/SD and how this disease might be amenable to emerging technologies aimed at restoring immune tolerance to disease-implicated self-antigens. NMO/SD appears to be particularly well-suited for these strategies since aquaporin-4 has already been identified as the dominant autoantigen. The recent technical advances in reintroducing immune tolerance in experimental models of disease as well as in humans should encourage quantum leaps in this area that may prove productive for novel therapy. In this part of the article series, the potential for regulatory T and B cells is brought into focus, as are new approaches to oral tolerization. Finally, a roadmap is provided to help identify potential issues in clinical development and guide applications in tolerization therapy to solving NMO/SD through the use of emerging technologies. Each of these perspectives is intended to shine new light on potential cures for NMO/SD and other autoimmune diseases, while sparing normal host defense mechanisms.
PMID 27648464 [PubMed] PMCID PMC5015540
Continued Source at:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27648464/
Restoring immune tolerance in neuromyelitis optica: Part II.
Jump to
- What is NMO
- Category: Diagnosis
- ↳ Forum: Signs and Symptoms
- ↳ Forum: International consensus diagnostic criteria
- ↳ Forum: Anti-Mog
- NMO in the news
- Category: Attacks
- ↳ Forum: Real Attacks
- ↳ Forum: Pseudo Flares
- ↳ Forum: Brain and Brain Stem
- ↳ Forum: Optic neuritis
- ↳ Forum: Transverse Myelitis (TM) and Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM)
- Category: Treatments
- ↳ Sub Category: Acute Attacks
- ↳ IVSM
- ↳ IVIG
- ↳ Plasmapheresis (Plex)
- ↳ Sub Category: Preventative
- ↳ Imuran (Azathioprine)
- ↳ CellCept
- ↳ Rituxan
- ↳ Soliris
- ↳ Actemra
- ↳ Sub Category: Spasms
- ↳ Tizanidine
- ↳ Baclofen
- ↳ Holistics
- ↳ Cannabis
- ↳ Tegretol
- ↳ Sub Category: Health/Diet
- ↳ Wahls Protocol
- ↳ Paleo Diet
- ↳ Oils
- ↳ Gluten free
- ↳ Vitamins
- ↳ China Study
- ↳ Clinical Research
- Category: Stories of NMO
- ↳ Forum: Share your Story
- Category: Support
- ↳ Forum: Kids with NMO (Pediatric)
- ↳ Forum: Teens with NMO
- ↳ Forum: Caregivers
- ↳ Forum: Coping with Diagnosis
- ↳ Forum: Patients
- ↳ Forum: Depression and Mental Health
- ↳ Sub Category: Insurance
- ↳ Forum: Service and Guide Dogs
- ↳ Forum: Companion and Support Dogs
- ↳ Forum: Events
- ↳ Forum: Facebook Groups and pages
- ↳ Forum: Advocacy
- ↳ Forum: Connecting one another
- Category: Pregnancy
- ↳ Forum: Getting Pregnant
- ↳ Forum: During Pregnancy
- ↳ Forum: After Pregnancy
- ↳ Effectiveness and safety of immunosuppressive therapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder during pregnancy.
- Category: Common Issues and Concerns
- ↳ Forum: Bladder Issues
- ↳ Forum: Bowel Issues
- ↳ Forum: Catheters
- ↳ Forum: Menstrual cycles
- ↳ Forum: Urinary tract infections (UTI)
- Category: Sexual intimacy
- ↳ Forum: Males with NMO
- ↳ Forum: Females with NMO
- Category: Disabilities
- ↳ Forum: Vision Loss
- ↳ Forum: Wheelchair-bound
- ↳ Forum: Paralysis
- Category: Reviews
- ↳ Forum: Doctors
- ↳ Forum: Hospitals
- ↳ Forum: Assistant Devices
- Category: NMO Chat Administration
- ↳ Forum: Forum Suggestions
- ↳ Forum: Moderator Assistance Request
- ↳ Forum: Trouble Tickets